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The term Oedipus complex (or, less commonly, Oedipal complex) explains the emotions and ideas that the mind keeps in the unconscious, via dynamic repression, that concentrates upon a child's desire to have sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex (i.e. males attracted to their mothers, and females attracted to their fathers).〔Charles Rycroft ''A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'' (London, 2nd Ed. 1995)〕〔Joseph Childers, Gary Hentzi eds. ''Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995)〕 Sigmund Freud, who coined the term "Oedipus complex" believed that the Oedipus complex is a desire for the parent in both males and females; Freud deprecated the term "Electra complex", which was introduced by Carl Gustav Jung in regard to the Oedipus complex manifested in young girls. The Oedipus complex occurs in the third — phallic stage (ages 3–6) — of the five psychosexual development stages: (i) the oral, (ii) the anal, (iii) the phallic, (iv) the latent, and (v) the genital — in which the source of libidinal pleasure is in a different erogenous zone of the infant's body. The "Oedipal complex" refers to the sexual relations and desire shared between a son and his mother and does not have to be reciprocated. In classical Freudian psychoanalytic theory, a child's identification with the same-sex parent is the successful resolution of the Oedipus complex and of the Electra complex. This is a key psychological experience that is necessary for the development of a mature sexual role and identity. Sigmund Freud further proposed that boys and girls experience the complexes differently: boys in a form of castration anxiety, girls in a form of penis envy; and that unsuccessful resolution of the complexes might lead to neurosis, pedophilia, and homosexuality. Men and women who are fixated in the Oedipal and Electra stages of their psychosexual development might be considered "mother-fixated" and "father-fixated". In adult life this can lead to a choice of a sexual partner who resembles one's parent. In regards to narcissism, the Oedipus complex is viewed as the pinnacle of the individual's maturational striving for success or for love. In 'The Economic Problem of Masochism' Freud writes that in “the oedipus complex… (parent’s ) personal significance for the superego recedes into the background’ and ‘the images they leave behind… link () the influences of teachers and authorities…”. Educators and mentors are put in the ego ideal of the individual and they strive to take on their knowledge, skills, or insights. In 'Some Reflections on Schoolboy Psychology' Freud writes: "We can now understand our relation to our schoolmasters. These men, not all of whom were in fact fathers themselves, became our substitute fathers. That was why, even though they were still quite young, they struck us as so mature and so unattainably adult. We transferred on to them the respect and expectations attaching to the omniscient father of our childhood, and we then began to treat them as we treated our fathers at home. We confronted them with the ambivalence that we had acquired in our own families and with its help we struggled with them as we had been in the habit of struggling with our fathers…" The Oedipus complex, in narcissistic terms, represents that an individual can lose the ability to take a parental-substitute into his ego ideal without ambivalence. Once the individual has ambivalent relations with parental-substitutes, he will enter into the triangulating castration complex. In the castration complex the individual becomes rivalrous with parental-substitutes and this will be the point of regression. In 'Psycho-analytic notes on an autobiographical account of a case of paranoia (Dementia paranoides)' Freud writes that “disappointment over a woman” (object drives) or “a mishap in social relations with other men” (ego drives) is the cause of regression or symptom formation. Triangulation can take place with a romantic rival, for a woman, or with a work rival, for the reputation of being more potent. ==Background== ''Oedipus'' refers to a 5th-century BC Greek mythological character Oedipus, who unwittingly kills his father, Laius, and marries his mother, Jocasta. A play based on the myth, ''Oedipus Rex'', was written by Sophocles, ca. 429 BC. Modern productions of Sophocles' play were staged in Paris and Vienna in the 19th century and were phenomenally successful in the 1880s and 1890s. The Austrian psychiatrist, Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), attended. In his book ''The Interpretation of Dreams'' first published in 1899, he proposed that an Oedipal desire is a universal, psychological phenomenon innate (phylogenetic) to human beings, and the cause of much unconscious guilt. He based this on his analysis of his feelings attending the play, his anecdotal observations of neurotic or normal children, and on the fact that the Oedipal Rex play was effective on both ancient and modern audiences (he also claimed the play Hamlet was effective for the same reason).〔(Oedipus as Evidence: The Theatrical Background to Freud's Oedipus Complex ) by Richard Armstrong, 1999〕 Freud described the man Oedipus: A six-stage chronology of Sigmund Freud's theoretic evolution of the Oedipus complex is: *Stage 1. 1897–1909. After his father's death in 1896, and having seen the play ''Oedipus Rex'', by Sophocles, Freud begins using the term "Oedipus". *Stage 2. 1909–1914. Proposes that Oedipal desire is the "nuclear complex" of all neuroses; first usage of "Oedipus complex" in 1910. *Stage 3. 1914–1918. Considers paternal and maternal incest. *Stage 4. 1919–1926. Complete Oedipus complex; identification and bisexuality are conceptually evident in later works. *Stage 5. 1926–1931. Applies the Oedipal theory to religion and custom. *Stage 6. 1931–1938. Investigates the "feminine Oedipus attitude" and "negative Oedipus complex"; later the "Electra complex".〔Bennett Simon, Rachel B. Blass "The development of vicissitudes of Freud's ideas on the Oedipus complex" in ''The Cambridge Companion to Freud'' (University of California Press 1991) p.000〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oedipus complex」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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